Foreshadowing in a Tale of Two Cities free essay sample

All through A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens, Charles Dickens utilizes foretelling to advance the plot of the novel. Dickens anticipates the plot in various manners. In Chapter Five of Book One, Dickens the wine that spills into the avenues as an allegory for the blood spilled in the insurgency. Outside of a wine-shop, a wine barrel is broken in the road. Numerous individuals surge around the puddle on the ground attempting to scoop it up and drink as much as possible. Dickens portrays this by saying All the individuals close enough had suspended their business†¦. Dampness wine-decayed sections with energetic relish on pages 34 35. This demonstrates how frantic the individuals are. A man composes the word BLOOD on a divider close to where the container tore open. This portends the savagery of the wild hordes later in the novel. This scene brings up how devastated the individuals of Paris are and how raucous a group can become when they are brought together under an assembled cause. We will compose a custom exposition test on Foretelling in a Tale of Two Cities or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The breaking of the wine container additionally traces one of the subjects of the book, which is obscurity, and gives a dull, bleak climate to the story and the theme ‘blood’. Another case of foretelling inside the novel is Madame Defarges weaving. Madame Defarge is an extremely contemptuous character in the book and she and her better half are the pioneer of the Jaquerie, a gathering a people that are arranging the unrest. Madame Defarges sewing hints the up and coming insurgency, in that she is weaving a register of individuals that she accepts must be executed. Additionally, her sewing foretells the detainment and passing of Charles Darnay, just as the viciousness that will before long come. Madame Defarge’s sewing ends up being considerably more than simply sewing and it foreshadowed the savage brutality that would happen later in the novel. The book presents another character called the Marquis St. Evremonde in Book the Second: The Golden Thread section 7. Marquis is a narrow minded, presumptuous blue-blood. The Marquis sees everyday citizens as if they were as irrelevant as steers. Coming back to his home from Paris, the Marquis’ carriage hits a little kid and murders him. Everybody around him that was on the road are stunned by this episode however the Marquis isn't in any way shape or form regretful and says It is phenomenal to me that you individuals can't deal with yourself and your youngsters. Either of you is for ever in the manner. How would I know what injury you have done my ponies? See! Give him cap on page 129. Not long after this occasion, the dad of the little youngster, Gaspard looks for retribution on the Marquis, by murdering him. This anticipates the future transformation by demonstrating the lower class loathsome and ascending against the class treachery which was available all through this season of history in France. In the novel, there were numerous examples wherein Dickens foreshadowed the coming upheaval. The creator utilized the occasion of the wine barrel tearing open in the road to underline how neediness stricken the average citizens of France were and how turbulent a horde of individuals joined around a typical reason can be. He additionally utilized Madame Defarge’s weaving, as a method of portending the way Charles Darnay, and numerous others, would be detained and bite the dust at the progressives preliminaries. Notwithstanding that, Dickens utilized Gaspard’s vengeance on the Marquis St. Evremonde as a method of demonstrating the grating between the lower class and the high society and as a method of showing the lower class face the harsh blue-bloods. Charles Dickens utilization of foretelling made his story all the more intriguing and hade an incredible impact in his novel A Tale of Two Cities.

Personal Narrative- My Dream Essay examples -- Personal Narrative Writ

Individual Narrative-My Dream I imagine myself all important focal point in the most colossal and incredibly excellent performance center on the planet. Its dividers and roofs are shrouded in perfect Victorian artistic creations of holy messengers in the sky. A solitary beam of light sparkles downward all over, radiating through the still, quiet obscurity, and all consideration is on me and only me. The venue is a pressed house; nonetheless, my crowd isn't that of people, but instead the heavenly attendants from the works of art on the dividers wake up, sitting eagerly in the lines of rich seats. Their glow envelops my body, and I know at that point that the time has come to start. I open my mouth. From somewhere inside my spirit a tune streams out of my chest, off of my tongue, lastly strokes my lips with the best touch, and my tune fills the air with a strength like that of the greatness of the blessed messengers. The sound of my melody is that of incomprehensible miracle, a voice as sweet and smooth as the essence of a kid. I sing and sing and sing my heart out, and I miracle and marvel and miracle in wonderment of the sound that is originating from my mouth and my...

Spring Admissions Update - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

Spring Admissions Update - UGA Undergraduate Admissions Spring Admissions Update Since we are about a week out from the Spring admissions deadline, I thought that I would give everyone a heads up on where we are at this point in time for both Spring freshman and transfers. I expect that in about 2 weeks, we will release decisions on all Spring freshman, so I heavily suggest that all Spring freshman applicants check their myStatus page and make sure that all required materials are here! We cannot move forward with a decision if all materials are not in. As for Spring transfers, we received just under 1,500 applications, and we have made decisions on roughly half of those files so far. In looking at the day-to-day progress, we have been averaging around 40 transfer decisions per work day, so I expect that we will have most decisions out by late September. We still have a number of Spring transfer applicants with incomplete files, so hopefully the transcripts are in the mail. Please double check your myStatus, make sure we have up-to-date transcripts, and remember t hat we need transcripts from every college you have attended. Go Dawgs!

William Faulkners A Rose for Emily Essay - 729 Words

William Faulkners A Rose for Emily â€Å"A Rose for Emily† by William Faulkner is set in a small Southern town during the post-Civil War era. The story revolves around the strange and tragic events of Miss Emily Grierson’s life. At first glance, Emily seems like a lonely woman with little self-confidence and low self-esteem that seems to stem from her upbringing by her father. There seemed to be some kind of abuse by her father and the fact that she had seemed to have lived such a sheltered life. She was brought up thinking that nobody was good enough for her. Her father had even shunned away his own family. Emily was turned into quite an odd character due to this type of upbringing. Emily’s love was controlled by her father, a man†¦show more content†¦It seemed that Homer was not a man that wanted to settle down but Emily, on the other hand, is desperate for companionship. She did not want to be alone in her old house and was ready for marriage. Emily was then seen around town buying things that would suggest a wedding and it seemed that people were happy for her. Then she bought something that really caught the attention of all of the town’s people, arsenic. It was very strange that nobody in the town really seemed to care that she bought the poison or even stranger that they did not seem to care that Homer was never seen again. The neighbors then started complaining about the strange smell emanating from Emily’s house and all they could do was to sprinkle some lime to make the smell go away. Imagine that, no investigation, they just snuck around and pretty much broke into her house just to make the smell dissipate. From that time forward the only companionship that Emily had was in her manservant. The town’s people did not see her anymore except for a shadow of her at times. Nobody realizes the depth of Emily’s madness except for her manservant. This man lived with the knowledge of her murder for thirty years and never spoke up to anyone. One could only imagine why he did not reveal what she had done to the people in the town, maybe it was out of fear or it possibly could have been out of a sadness that he felt because of her mental illness and severe loneliness. OnShow MoreRelatedWilliam Faulkners A Rose for Emily1600 Words   |  7 Pages William Faulkners A Rose for Emily  is set in the small southern town of Jefferson during the early decades of the twentieth century . At this time, vast and cardinal changes were being made by the upcoming new south to conceal and move from the horrid truths that were a part of the towns history. In lieu of this, Jefferson was at a turning point in which they were having difficulty coming to terms with these changes . Integrating Faulkners use of character and symbols with other sourcesRead MoreEssay on William Faulkners A Rose for Emily1539 Words   |  7 PagesWilliam Faulkners A Rose for Emily As any reader can see, A Rose for Emily is one of the most authentic short stories by Faulkner. His use of characterization, narration, foreshadowing, and symbolism are four key factors to why Faulkners work is idealistic to all readers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The works of William Faulkner have had positive effects on readers throughout his career. Local legends and gossip trigger the main focus of his stories. Considering that Faulkner grew up in Mississippi, he wasRead MoreWilliam Faulkners A Rose for Emily: An Analysis807 Words   |  3 PagesConsider Faulkners own words as you think about A Rose for Emily. In his Nobel Prize acceptance speech, Faulkner said,  ¦the young man or woman writing today has forgotten the problems of the human heart in conflict with itself which alone can make good writing because only that is worth writing about, worth the agony and the sweat. How is A Rose for Miss Emily a story about the human heart in conflict with itself? In William Faulkners A Rose for Emily, the protagonist Miss Emily GriersonRead MoreAn Analysis of William Faulkner’s â€Å"a Rose for Emily†1428 Words   |  6 PagesThe Devastating Outcome of Oppression: An Analysis of William Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily† When a person has only been taught dysfunctional love, it is all too often that this is the only kind of love they will ever experience. In â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, William Faulkner explores an unorthodox relationship between an aristocratic southern lady named Miss Emily Grierson, and a blue-collar northern fellow named Homer Barron. The narrator, who likely represents the townspeople, describesRead MoreWilliam Faulkners A Rose for Emily Essay1382 Words   |  6 Pages Emily’s Downward Spiral: An Analysis of â€Å"A Rose for Emily† In William Faulkner’s short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily,† the main character of the story is Miss Emily Grierson. To analyze and examine her character, it is almost impossible not to look at the psychological aspect of it. Through the narrative of Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily,† Miss Emily’s behavior and character is revealed as outright strange from any average standard of characters. A few days after they lay Miss Emily’s body to restRead MoreThe Reconstruction In William Faulkners A Rose For Emily1243 Words   |  5 PagesAfter an extended period of the Civil War and the Reconstruction, William Faulkner published his short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily† in 1930. In his fictional Jefferson, Mississippi (the county seat of Yoknapatawpha), Faulkner tells a story about Emily, an unhappy woman. The story begins at Emily’s funeral, and all the villagers in the town come to see the inside of the abandoned building (nobody has entered the house for at least ten years). The story flashes back decades before the funeral, Emily’sRead MoreDiagnosing Miss Emily in William Faulkners A Rose For Emily 918 Words   |  4 PagesIn William Faulkners A Rose For Emily there is more than enough evidence to determine that Miss Emily is mentally ill. Most of the clues and hints are subtle, but when they are all pieced together the puzzle becomes clear. Not saying it is clear as too what Miss Emily was suffering from, the only way to know that for certain would be if the author or narrator told us in the text. We can conclude, however, she was suffering from some form of mental illness. Miss Emily was seen as a recluse and oddRead More The Importance of Plot in William Faulkners A Rose for Emily1431 Words   |  6 Pages The Importance of Plot in William Faulkners A Rose for Emily In â€Å"A Rose For Emily†, by William Faulkner, plot plays an important role in how the story is played out. Faulkner does not use chronological order in this short story. Instead, he uses an order that has many twists and turns. It appears to have no relevance while being read, but in turn, plays an important role in how the story is interpreted by the reader. Why does Faulkner present the plot of this story in this manner? HowRead MoreAnalysis of William Faulkners A Rose for Emily Essay1187 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of William Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily† In â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, William Faulkner uses symbolism, imagery, simile and tone. Faulkner uses these elements to lead his characters to an epiphany of letting go of out-dated traditions and customs. The resistance to change and loneliness are prominent themes within â€Å"A Rose for Emily†. Faulkner uses â€Å"A Rose for Emily† to caution his readers that things are not always what they appear to be. The tone of â€Å"A Rose for Miss Emily† couldRead More The Role of the Watch in William Faulkners A Rose for Emily1199 Words   |  5 PagesThe Role of the Watch in William Faulkners A Rose for Emily Even the casual reader of William Faulkner will recognize the element of time as a crucial one in much of the writers work, and the critical attention given to the subject of time in Faulkner most certainly fills many pages of criticism. A goodly number of those pages of criticism deal with the well-known short story, A Rose for Emily. Several scholars, most notably Paul McGlynn, have worked to untangle the confusing chronology

The Issue Of Racial Discrimination - 1232 Words

Over the years, our country has witnessed countless cases of police brutality. It has developed into a controversial topic between communities that have realized police cruelty have taken place in front of our homes. Deindustrialization is removal or reduction of industrial capacity or activity can lead to more crimes when people are laid off. Officers are faced with many threatening situations daily compelling them to make split second decisions and either to expect the worst or hope for the best. Police officers are given the authority to take any citizen away and even their lives. With that kind of power comes responsibility, that’s one main concern with the amount of discretion officers have is when to use lethal force. The use of excessive force might or not be a large predicament, but should be viewed by both the police and the community. The issue of racial discrimination in the criminal justice system is controversial because there is a significant indication confirmin g both individual and systemic favoritisms. While there is intention to believe that there are unfair elements at every step of the judicial progression, this treatment will examine and attempt to clarify such elements in two of the most critical judicial junctures, criminal apprehension, and prosecution. Every day, people are being pulled over, harassed, and even killed for being of a certain race. There are new laws that politicians are trying to pass that promote racial discrimination. A worldShow MoreRelatedThe Issue Of Racial Discrimination985 Words   |  4 Pageswithin the judicial system. There is a rainbow of issues that the United States judicial system has when it comes to racial discrimination. However, the most costly and the most disheartening of these issues is racial discrimination in the death sentencing process. The death penalty is a hot button topic in the United States. It has always had its critics and has always had its issues. However, the issue of racial discrimination is the most dangerous issue inherent in the death penalty because there isRead MoreRacial Discrimination Is A Big Social Issue Today1084 Words   |  5 Pages Racial discrimination is a big social issue today, especially with the president elect, Donald Trump in office. According to Timothy Mcgettigan in the article, â€Å"Donald Trump and White Racism† declares, â€Å" the 2016 presidential election has become a national referendum on racism †Ã¢â‚¬â€¹. Throughout his campaign, he has made it clear, his disgust towards immigrants, Hispanic communities and minorities. Trump has stereotyped hispanics by using food stamps, crime, unpaid taxes and living songerly. It hasRead MoreIssues Of Modern Society s Racial Discrimination1918 Words   |  8 Pages ASTU 100A February 8th, 2016 Issues of Modern Society’s Racial Discrimination Is the society’s draconian attendance towards the people of distinguishable race a fair measure of precaution or an act of discrimination? In the society we live in today, the enactment of racial bias has made a monumental impact, shaping many individuals lives by default. However, is it fair for the innocent individualsRead MoreDiscrimination Against African American Race1133 Words   |  5 Pages Discrimination against the African American Race Brian Barracks Social Psychology Dr. G. Austin Abstract Discrimination against African-Americans has been going on for many decades. Many African-Americans are still suffering from the effects of this. Many people who discriminate do not bother to analyze the damage that this is causing. Many African-Americans are suffering from stress problems, mental health issue, and some suffer from chronic stress. This issue has escalated for manyRead MoreA Raisin In The Sun Is Play Written About A Family In The1592 Words   |  7 Pages and they have to deal with discriminatory housing practices and the threat of racial violence. A Raisin in the Sun is relevant today because a lot of the insights it makes about racism are still debated over today. One of the issues it tackles is racial violence. In the play, the family deals with the threat of racial violence from people who don’t want them to move into their new house. Today, many feel that racial violence is being done by the police. The story also deals with the family’s strugglesR ead MoreRacism : Racism And Discrimination1432 Words   |  6 PagesRacism is an issue still deeply engrained in virtually every aspect of American life. This country’s history is rooted in slavery and inequality among races. While there has been significant progress to realize a fair and equal America now and in the future, many citizens stubbornly cling to old, outdated and preconceived racial prejudices. For my experiment, I seek to further study and assess ongoing racism and discrimination by discovering and exploring the difference in potentially racist viewsRead MoreRace Relations : A Resolved Issue?1644 Words   |  7 PagesGuyo Kotile Race Relations: A Resolved Issue? ENGL 1021-64 Prof. Larry Sklaney 3 Dec. 2013 Although the issue of race relations has died down since the civil rights movement, it is still present in politics and the work place today. Race relations works to better the rights of minority citizens and to lessen the gap between the races. With the facts stated above, race relations are an important issue in the United States of America. Race is a much discussed social and political topic. Race, especiallyRead MoreNon Discrimination Policies Of The Home Depot Company Essay782 Words   |  4 Pages Non-Discrimination Policy Name: Course Name: Course Instructor: Date of Submission: Non-Discrimination Policy Companies that discriminate on basis of a host of job-irrelevant issues, comprising race, sexual orientation, gender, disability, age and ethnicity put themselves at a competitive disadvantage as opposed to companies that appraise employees solely on their credentials and qualifications to work well. Given the high rates of discrimination encountering the workforceRead MoreRacial Discrimination : The Blacker The Berry1638 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Racial Discrimination is dreadful. It’s a social conflict against those who are a slightly different based on appearance. It has indeed become a well-known issue, which has created problems throughout the world. This issue is so distributing that it has incredibility-impacted society, especially influenced artists to incorporate the current issue into their songs. For instance, artists like Kendrick Lamar have expressed the issue of racial discrimination. In his song â€Å"The Blacker theRead MoreRacial Discrimination Against Minorities Within The American Workforce Essay1677 Words   |  7 PagesRacial discrimination against minorities within the American workforce is evident. Structural racism is the cause of why qualified minorities lacking opportunities, while lesser-qualified White-Americans are hired. This paper will discuss what structural racism is, how it plays into racial discrimination against qualifieded minorities, what can be done to prevent further racial pro filing, and briefly touch on the adverse effects racial prejudice has on the economy. Keywords: structural racism, qualified

Biological Behavior Free Essays

Biological Criminal Behavior CJA/314 December 12, 2011 Biological Criminal Behavior Significant genetic and psychological evidence exists that supports the notion that biology played a role in explaining Mr. Hinckley’s crime of the attempted assignation of President Ronald Reagan by in 1981, including seriously injuring to three other people. According to Schmalleger (2012), â€Å"The shape of a person’s skull corresponds to the shape of the underlying brain and is therefore indicative of the personality, (p. We will write a custom essay sample on Biological Behavior or any similar topic only for you Order Now 9). Because of the actions of John Hinckley Congress enacted changes to the law that affected the way defense attorneys used the insanity defense in order to protect their clients in court due to concerns that some defendants had no metal disorders, and others were classified as having personality disorders. Those who support the mens rea approach argue that if the courts had considered Hinckley’s mental culpability he would have likely been found guilty because they claim he was clear about his intentions. The notes Hinckley left for film star Jodie Foster showed how disturbed he was. John Hinckley reportedly admitted that he was fantasizing about the life of a character in a famous movie. This article went on to explain that Hinckley suffered from other physical ailments that caused significant weight gain and also required prescriptions such as Valium, antidepressants, and antihistamines. In addition, â€Å"At his trial the defense successfully won a battle to introduce a CAT-scan test showing the widened suici of the brain found, according to one defense psychiatrist, in one of three schizophrenics† (Carrithers, 1985, p. 24, para 7). During Hinckley’s trial the prosecution and defense both argued that he suffered from clinical issues such as paranoid personality disorder, depressive neurosis, process schizophrenia, or dysthymic disorder. The legislation passed by Congress relating to Hinckley’s insanity plea was aimed at protecting the rights of the mentally ill and of society. Now the defense has to prove that their client is psychotic, but are not mad creatures if they want to claim insanity. Incredibly, John Hinckley was recently in the news because the courts are currently contemplating about whether or not to release him into the custody of his mother who is elderly. Evidently the issue was serious enough for the federal government to get involved. For example, â€Å"Earlier this year U. S. Secret Service agents observed John Hinckley Jr. the man who shot President Ronald Reagan and three other men in a 1981 assassination attempt,   go to a bookstore to read about President Reagan and presidential assassinations (ABC, 2011, p. 1, para 1). References ABC. (2011). Blogs. Retrieved from, http://abcnews. go. com/blogs/politics/2011/11/prosecutors-argue-against-john-hinckley-jr-release/ Carrithers, D. W. (1985). The Insanity Defense and Presidential Peril. Society, 22(5), 23-27. Schmalleger, F. (2012). Criminology today: An interactive introduction. (6th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. How to cite Biological Behavior, Papers

Surfing The Internet Essay Example For Students

Surfing The Internet Essay Surfing The InternetMichael LaCroix Eng 101 Dr. Sonnchein 4/10/96Chances are, anyone who is reading this paper has at one time, at least, surfedthe net once. Dont worry if you havent, I will explain everything you need toknow about the Internet and the World Wide Web. Including how it started, itsgrowth, and the purpose it serves in todays society. The Internet was born about 20 years ago, as a U.S. Defense Department networkcalled the ARPnet. The ARPnetwork was an experimental network designed tosupport military research. It was research about how to build networks thatcould withstand partial outages (like bomb attacks) and still be able tofunction. From that point on, Internet developers were responding to the market pressures,and began building or developing software for every conceivable type of computer. We will write a custom essay on Surfing The Internet specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Internet uses started out with big companies, then to the government, to theuniversities and so on. The World Wide Web or WWW, is an information service that is on the Internet. The WWW is based on technology called hypertext, and was developed for physicistso they could send and retrieve information more easily. The WWW basically is atool for exploring or surfing the Internet. The WWW is an attempt to organizethe Internet so you can find information easier moving threw document todocument. Why do I need to know this?Well now that I got threw all the techno-babble, lets get down to it. If youknow how to utilize the Net, in just five minutes you could trade informationand comments with millions of people all over the world, get a fast answer toany question imaginable on a scientific, computing, technical, business,investment, or any other subject. You could join over 11,000 electronicconferences, anytime, on any subject, you would be broadcasting your views ,questions, and information to millions of other partic There has never beenanything like it in the history of the world, and in this English class wevecovered alot of history. At a growing rate of about 20% per month the Internetis only getting bigger and if people dont start utilizing its resources theycould be road kill on this Information Superhighway. Hey, Ill bet in the middleof that last sentence another computer just got on-line to the Net. There are three major features of the Internet, On-line discussion groups,Universal Electronic Mail, files and software. Theres about 11,000 on-linediscussion groups called Newsgroups, on most any topic you can imagine. If youare on the Net, you can participate in any of these discussions in any of thesenewsgroups. The next thing is Universal Electronic Mail or E-mail. E-mail is the biggest andcheapest system on the Net and is also one of its biggest attractions. Sinceall commercial on-line services have something called gateways for sending andreceiving electronic mail messages on the Internet, youre able to send andreceive messages or files to anyone else who is on-line, anywhere in the worldand in seconds. The third feature I mentioned was files and software. This in my opinion is themost impressive one. All the thousands of individual computer facilitiesconnected to the Internet are also vast storage repositories for hundreds ofthousands of software programs, information text files, video and sound clips,and other computer based resources. And their all accessible in minutes from anypersonal computer on-line to the Internet. So I could do all this stuff on the Internet, why should I take notice?Because of its sheer size, volume of messages, and its incredible monthlygrowth. From the latest statistics I was able to get, their are currently 30million people who use the Internet worldwide. To try and put that number intoperspective, thats over five times the size of CompuServe, America On-line,Prodigy, and all other on-line commercial information services combined. Or ifyoure not familiar with those services, its more than the combined populationsof New York City, London, and Moscow. Eri Just a few years ago, the Internet hada small exclusive domain of a small band of computer science students,university researchers, government defense contractors, and computer nerds. Allof whom had free or cheap access through their universities or research labs. .u2615ef79c71de62849b0f0d4c5b41636 , .u2615ef79c71de62849b0f0d4c5b41636 .postImageUrl , .u2615ef79c71de62849b0f0d4c5b41636 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2615ef79c71de62849b0f0d4c5b41636 , .u2615ef79c71de62849b0f0d4c5b41636:hover , .u2615ef79c71de62849b0f0d4c5b41636:visited , .u2615ef79c71de62849b0f0d4c5b41636:active { border:0!important; } .u2615ef79c71de62849b0f0d4c5b41636 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2615ef79c71de62849b0f0d4c5b41636 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2615ef79c71de62849b0f0d4c5b41636:active , .u2615ef79c71de62849b0f0d4c5b41636:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2615ef79c71de62849b0f0d4c5b41636 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2615ef79c71de62849b0f0d4c5b41636 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2615ef79c71de62849b0f0d4c5b41636 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2615ef79c71de62849b0f0d4c5b41636 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2615ef79c71de62849b0f0d4c5b41636:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2615ef79c71de62849b0f0d4c5b41636 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2615ef79c71de62849b0f0d4c5b41636 .u2615ef79c71de62849b0f0d4c5b41636-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2615ef79c71de62849b0f0d4c5b41636:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: To Kill a Mockingbird EssayBecause of the widespread free use, many people who used the Internet asstudents have demanded and received connections to the Internet from theiremployers as they got jobs in the outside world. Because of that, use of theInternet has expl The Internet is rapidly achieving a state of critical mass,attracting interest from huge numbers of personal computer users from nontechnical backgrounds. All these new Internet users are rapidly transforming thenerd orientated culture of the network and opening up the Internet to new andexciting possibilities. Im not sure threat is exactly the right word, but if you ignore the Internet,you do so at your own peril, the Internet is going to force a new way of doingbusiness on some people. says Norman DeCarteret, senior systems analyst atAdvantis. (A company that links other companies to the Internet. Internetbecomes the road more traveled as E-mail users discover no usage fee. SteveStecklow, Wall Street Journal (9/2/93). Here are some good things about the Net and why you should be using it. Peoplein all kinds of businesses and industries are sharing a wide spectrum ofeducational, business, and personal interest on the Net. Most, probably share ahigh enthusiasm for the Internet and want to send and receive e-mail messages. But also, one to one communications by newsgroups or electric mail is differentand better than conventional letter writing or voice phone conversations in thatthe people you communicate with seem m You also have instant access to such alarge, varied, and intelligent based individuals on the Net, which gives you thepower of being able to get good information. When you ask a question on theInternet, you stand an excellent chance at getting at least one intelligentanswer from someone who has gone threw the same experience. Whether its adviceon a paper you have to write, how to research a certain topic, or something of apersonal interest, theres always someone on the Internet willing to share thProfit, this is something I thought I would throw in for all those entrepreneursout there. A rapidly increasing number of companies and entrepreneurs are usingthe Internet to market and sell their products and services. When its done inan informative way, and in good taste, and in the on-line area s designated foradvertising orientated messages, most Internet users like to see announcementsof new products and services. A growing number of companies are generatingsubstantial sales of their products a But hey, the Internet isnt just foracademics, business, and professional use. It could also be really fun! Thereare over 11,000 special interest on-line confrenceing areas called newsgroups,on the Internet. Many of these groups feature large, active, and sometimesraucous discussions on the widest imaginable range of interests, hobbies, andactivities. Anything from antique cars, new business opportunities and personalinvesting to politics, gun control, sex, and The Simpsons. Participating inthese Of course, like most other things, the Internet isnt all good andgloryice. You could say that the Internet is like the Wild West of the late1800s. Its lawless, individualistic, brutal, and chaotic. And like any newfrontier the Internet is not without its problems. If you decide you want to connect to the Internet, there are a few things you should know. The Internet can be pretty raw. That is, if you get a raw connection to theInternet, it lags behind modern personal computer interface technology by about15 years. Without a good Windows or Macintosh based graphical software interface,also called a Web browser, to use all the features of the Internet you wouldneed to know UNIX, a terse computer operating system command language thats athrowback to time sharing computer systems of the 1970s. For Internet access Iwould recommend you to go with an In The Internet has many powerful capabilitiesand an almost infinite range of information and communication power, all ofwhich can never be adequately covered in any one paper or book. All theinformation in this paper came from hard copy sources to show you dont have toget on the Net to find out about the Net. .uf63ddf2d7037581353e1ba8fd1fd5f77 , .uf63ddf2d7037581353e1ba8fd1fd5f77 .postImageUrl , .uf63ddf2d7037581353e1ba8fd1fd5f77 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf63ddf2d7037581353e1ba8fd1fd5f77 , .uf63ddf2d7037581353e1ba8fd1fd5f77:hover , .uf63ddf2d7037581353e1ba8fd1fd5f77:visited , .uf63ddf2d7037581353e1ba8fd1fd5f77:active { border:0!important; } .uf63ddf2d7037581353e1ba8fd1fd5f77 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf63ddf2d7037581353e1ba8fd1fd5f77 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf63ddf2d7037581353e1ba8fd1fd5f77:active , .uf63ddf2d7037581353e1ba8fd1fd5f77:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf63ddf2d7037581353e1ba8fd1fd5f77 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf63ddf2d7037581353e1ba8fd1fd5f77 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf63ddf2d7037581353e1ba8fd1fd5f77 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf63ddf2d7037581353e1ba8fd1fd5f77 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf63ddf2d7037581353e1ba8fd1fd5f77:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf63ddf2d7037581353e1ba8fd1fd5f77 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf63ddf2d7037581353e1ba8fd1fd5f77 .uf63ddf2d7037581353e1ba8fd1fd5f77-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf63ddf2d7037581353e1ba8fd1fd5f77:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Explication of the Road not taken EssayWork Cited :Cagnon, Eric. Whats on the Internet : Berkeley : Peach Pit Press. 1995 Krol,Edward. The Whole Internet : Users Guide and Catalog. Sebastopol : OReilly Ass, Inc. 1992 Internet World Magazine. On Internet94. Westport : Mecklermedia Ltd. 1994 Newby, Gregory B. Directory ofDirectories on the Internet :Westport : Mecklemedia Ltd. 1994 Carmen, John. The New Wave of theInternet. Wall Street Journal : 9/2/93

The Cries of the Assimilated Native Americans Professor Ramos Blog

The Cries of the Assimilated Native Americans The colonists wanted to expand west into the territory of the Native Americans but they did not have plans to do this politely. In order to get the land, the colonists took desperate measures to accomplish their conquest leading to the cruel treatment of the Native American people. They began to assimilate the Native Americans in a number of ways like taking the young children to educate, setting them up in low jobs, sending them to war, and even trying to convert them to Christianity. Zitkala Sa writings Impression of an Indian Childhoodand â€Å"The Soft-Hearted Sioux† present examples of some of the ways that the Native American people were forced to conform to the ways of the colonists. The most common tactic used by the colonists in order to assimilate the young Native American children was to remove them from their tribes and educated them in boarding schools. In bothImpressions of an Indian Childhoodand â€Å"The Soft-Hearted Sioux† Sa writes about how each of the main characters are taken from their families to be educated among the ways of the colonists, ways that these Native Americans would be taken advantage of. Sarah L. Surface-Evans writes, â€Å"Federal Indian boarding schools were instituted †¦ to forcefully assimilate American Indian children into mainstream United States society† (Surface-Evans 1). The goal of these schools was â€Å"to strip American Indian children of their language, customs and religion,† (Surface-Evans 1). The colonists claimed to want to help and give the Native Americans better education by taking the children and giving them a better chance than what their parents had. In reality the children would be w orking low level jobs such as farming and other domestic labor (Surface-Evans 1). The children, once adults, would be working in the lower class for the colonists because the lower jobs were all they were taught to do. This was so that the Native Americans would remain under the control of the colonists and the colonists would receive low-cost labor. The Native American children were not being taught without bias. They were taught within their gender so that they learned from boarding school that â€Å"the boys performed the farm labor, providing milk, eggs, meat, and produce† while the â€Å"girls were trained in basic skills to work as domestic servants (sewing, cooking, and nursing)† (Surface-Evans 4). Because of this limited teaching, it was all they could do. The Native Americans would leave the schools without the equal education of the colonists limiting their jobs to farm worker and servant. This was done so that they could blend the Native Americans into the colonists’ society while keeping them in lower level class in poverty and the colonists keeping themselves at the higher-class paying jobs. Another example of a cruel strategies the colonists used to assimilate the Native Americans, was to use them as soldiers in the First World War. Chris Rein writes, â€Å"Indian allies service with the army became part of a larger campaign of assimilation and acculturation† this is because they were only thought of as power to win the war (Rein 1). The colonists did not care if the Native Americans lived or died in their aid to the war, they just saw them as more ammunition in the battle. After this war, in no time the Native Americans were so assimilated that they were said to be â€Å"indistinguishable from [the] countrymen in uniform† (Rein 1). This made the Native Americans even more so assimilated that when returning to their tribe they would be turned away but the colonists did not care if the â€Å"educated† Native Americans were no longer accepted by their tribes. These children, now adults are manipulated to do the work that the colonists do not wish to do. They send these â€Å"educated† adults back to the tribes as an attempt to â€Å"civilize† the older generations of Native Americans by trying to convert them to Christianity but they are only seen as traitors to their people. This is something the young man in â€Å"The Soft-Hearted Sioux† experiences as he is called a traitor by a member of his tribe, â€Å"‘What loyal son is he who, returning to his father’s people, wears a foreigner’s dress?’†¦ ‘Here is the traitor to his people!† (Sa 649). This is a cruel pain that the Native Americans must encounter as they feel the disapproval of the people of their tribe and then to feel the disapproval again going back to the colonists without any converts. When rejected by both their tribe and the people who taught them this new way of life who else are these â€Å"educated† Native Americans to turn to. In the ending of â€Å"The Soft-Hearted Sioux† the young man left in a similar situation to this and his only choice left was death, â€Å"I do not fear death. Yet I wonder who shall come to welcome me in the realm of strange sight† (Sa 651). Even in his moment of dying the Native American is left in confliction of the two beliefs, will he be meet with a free spirit or with the love of God. Zitkala Sa writesImpressions of an Indian Childhoodand â€Å"The Soft-Hearted Sioux† as examples to describe the cruelty the Native Americans experienced because of the colonists who assimilated them in order to get their land they wanted for themselves. Sa writes this to reach the minds of those who are unaware of the cruelty that occurred in the conquest of land between the colonists and the Native American people. In a quote obtained by Chris Rein, presented by a Cherokee missionary states, â€Å"the full-bloods remembered only too well how the Georgians had treated them and they would never trust their former enemies [the Confederacy] to abide by any treaty† (Rein 4). While things are no longer as vivid and horrific as this Cherokee missionary describes there are still wrongs that are being made toward Native Americans. In present day, the Native American people still receive a lack in the respect they deserve from other parties of race. Because of the assimilation of the Native American people their population is less than what it should be and their rights are still very minimal sending them to live on reservations under poor conditions. Rein, Chris. â€Å"The U.S. Army, Indian Agency, and the Path to Assimilation: The First IndianHome Guards in the American Civil War.†Kansas History, vol. 36, no. 1, Spring 2013,pp. 2–21. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=a9hAN=87082925site=ehost-live. Sa, Zitkala. â€Å"The Soft-Hearted Sioux.† The Norton Anthology of American Literature, edited byNina Baym and Robert S. Levine, 8th ed., vol. 2, W.W. Norton Company, 2013,pp. 647–651. Sa, Zitkala. â€Å"From Impressions of an Indian Childhood.†The Norton Anthology of AmericanLiterature, edited by Nina Baym and Robert S. Levine, 8th ed., vol. 2, W.W. Norton Company, 2013, pp. 639–646. Surface-Evans, Sarah. â€Å"A Landscape of Assimilation and Resistance: The Mount Pleasant IndianIndustrial Boarding School.†International Journal of Historical Archaeology, vol. 20,no. 3, Sept. 2016, pp. 574–588. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1007/s10761-016-0362-5. Rein, Chris. â€Å"The U.S. Army, Indian Agency, and the Path to Assimilation: The First IndianHome Guards in the American Civil War.†Kansas History, vol. 36, no. 1, Spring 2013,pp. 2–21. EBSCOhost,search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=a9hAN=87082925site=ehost-live.

Leopard Seal Facts

Leopard Seal Facts If you get the opportunity to take an Antarctic cruise, you may be lucky enough to see a leopard seal in its natural habitat. The leopard seal  (Hydrurga leptonyx) is an earless seal with  leopard-spotted fur. Like its feline namesake, the seal is a powerful predator high on the food chain. The only animal that hunts leopard seals is the killer whale. Fast Facts: Leopard Seal Scientific Name: Hydrurga leptonyxCommon Names: Leopard seal, sea leopardBasic Animal Group: MammalSize: 10-12 feetWeight: 800-1000 poundsLifespan: 12-15 yearsDiet: CarnivoreHabitat: Sea around AntarcticaPopulation: 200,000Conservation Status: Least Concern Description You might think the obvious identifying feature of the leopard seal is its black-spotted coat. However, many seals have spots. What sets the leopard seal apart is its elongated head and sinuous body, somewhat resembling a furry eel. The leopard seal is earless, about 10 to 12 feet long (females slightly larger than males), weighs between 800 and 1000 pounds, and always seems to be smiling because the edges of its mouth curl upward. The leopard seal is large, but smaller than the elephant seal and walrus. The mouth of the leopard seal turns upward at the edges, resembling a smile. Peter Johnson/Corbis/VCG / Getty Images Habitat and Distribution Leopard seals live in the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic waters of the Ross Sea, Antarctic Peninsula, Weddell Sea, South Georgia, and Falkland Islands. Sometimes they are found along the southern coasts of Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.  The leopard seals habitat overlaps that of other seals. Diet Leopard seals eat penguins.  © Tim Davis/Corbis/VCG / Getty Images The leopard seal will eat just about any other animals. Like other carnivorous mammals, the seal has sharp front teeth and fearsome-looking inch-long canines. However, the seals molars lock together to make a sieve that allows it to filter krill from the water. Seal pups primarily eat krill, but once they learn to hunt, they eat penguins, squid, shellfish, fish, and smaller seals. They are the only seals that regularly hunt warm-blooded prey.  Leopard seals often wait underwater and propel themselves out of the water to snatch their victim. Scientists can analyze a seals diet by examining its whiskers. Behavior Leopard seals are known to play cat and mouse with prey, typically with young seals or penguins. They will chase their prey until it either escapes or dies, but wont necessarily eat their kill. Scientists are uncertain of the reason for this behavior, but believe it may help hone hunting skills or might simply be for sport. Leopard seal males hang under the ice when they sing. Michael Nolan / Getty Images During the austral summer, male leopard seals sing (loudly) underwater for hours each day. A singing seal hangs upside down, with a bent neck and pulsating inflated chests, rocking from side to side. Each male has a distinct call, although the calls change depending on the seals age. Singing coincides with the breeding season. Captive females have been known to sing when reproductive hormone levels are elevated. Reproduction and Offspring While some kinds of seals live in groups, the leopard seal is solitary. Exceptions include mother and pup pairs and temporary mating pairs. Seals mate in summer and give birth after 11 months gestation to a single pup. At birth, the pup weighs around 66 pounds. The pup is weaned on the ice for about a month. Females become mature between ages three and seven. Males mature a bit later, typically between ages six and seven. Leopard seals live a long time for a seal, partly because they have few predators. While the average lifespan is 12 to 15 years, its  not uncommon for a wild leopard seal to live 26 years. Conservation Status According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), scientists once believed there may be over 200,000 leopard seals. Environmental changes have dramatically affected species the seals eat, so this number is likely inaccurate. The leopard seal is not endangered. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) lists it as a species of least concern. Leopard Seals and Humans Leopard seals are highly dangerous predators. While attacks of humans are rare, cases of aggression, stalking, and fatalities have been documented. Leopard seals are known to attack the black pontoons of inflatable boats, posing an indirect risk to people. However, not all encounters with humans are predatory. When National Geographic photographer Paul Nicklen dove into Antarctic waters to observe a leopard seal, the female seal he photographed brought him injured and dead penguins. Whether the seal was trying to feed the photographer, teach him to hunt, or had other motives is unknown. Sources Rogers, T. L.; Cato, D. H.; Bryden, M. M. Behavioral significance of underwater vocalizations of captive leopard seals, Hydrurga leptonyx.  Marine Mammal Science.  12  (3): 414–42, 1996.Rogers, T.L. Source levels of the underwater calls of a male leopard seal.  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.  136  (4): 1495–1498, 2014.Wilson, Don E. and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. Species: Hydrurga leptonyx. Mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005.

Personal statement for application of Economics Graduate School

For application of Economics Graduate School - Personal Statement Example oduction to micro/macroeconomics; inter-media micro/macroeconomics; econometrics; public economics; mathematical economics; international economics; urban economics; economic development; applied calculus and introduction to calculus. By the time I graduate, I would have also taken two more courses. These are advanced calculus and linear algebra. My enrolment in graduate school will help me to enhance the knowledge that I already have in economics. It will also help me to broaden my perspective as well as offer me novel insights into the depth of my field. With this advanced knowledge, I will be in a better position to competitively progress in my future career. One of my achievements in the Economics and Mathematics field is the GPA of 3.93 that I was able to competitively attain during my course. In overall, I had a GPA of 3.65. This was all possible through my hard work and determination in the course. It is also quite important to note that my interest for this field enabled me to put in more effort that saw me achieve all these great results. Apart from my recommendable academic performance in the Economics and Mathematics field, I was also the Vice President at the Chinese Student and Scholar Association (CSSA) at the university. This position helped me to expand my leadership skills as well as to be of great help to my fellow Chinese students. Through this position, I was able to help the Chinese international students in the United States to get the required documents that were expected of them such as insurance. Housing is equally a very challenging endeavor for students. This is especially occasioned by the fact that the cost of h ousing is quite high and most students are not able to afford. This leaves the students to be â€Å"homeless† in campus. Through my position as the Vice President of the CSSA, I was able to give a helping hand to the Chinese students to acquire housing. This made their school work very comfortable as they did not have to struggle

Microeconomics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 8

Microeconomics - Essay Example I would consider both fixed and variable costs in deciding to go to travel to New York from Los Angeles by either a plane or a car. Fixed costs that I will consider for the trip via plane include cost of an air ticket, luggage fees, and services provided on the journey, which are fixed costs as they have been determined by the airline and do not vary. Transportation costs to and from the airport, traffic and other costs arising after alighting from the plane are among the variable costs for consideration when traveling via plane. Fuel, food at stops, amount of traffic on the road, are the variable costs to be considered for travelling by car while car maintenance, toll fees, any repairs made on the way, parking fees paid in the course of the journey, washing and storage payments, and wear and tear to the car are fixed costs when travelling by car. As is evident, both fixed and variable costs are considered in making the decision on which transport from to use to New York from Los Ang eles. Ruegg, Rosalie T. The Police Patrol Car: Economic Efficiency in Acquisition, Operation, and Disposition : Prepared for National Institute of Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice, Law Enforcement Assistance Administration, U.s. Department of Justice. Washington: The Bureau, 1978.

The need for reward management and systems

The need for reward management and systems Reward management is not just about money. As shown in the above diagram, it is concerned with intrinsic as well as extrinsic rewards and with non-financial as well as financial rewards. Intrinsic rewards arise from the nature the job itself. Decenzo and Robbins ( 2005, p.274) stated that intrinsic rewards are self initiated rewards like pride in ones work, a sense of accomplishment or being part of the job. Intrinsic rewards related to responsibility and achievement they are inherent in individuals and not imposed from outside. On the other hand, extrinsic rewards arise from the factors associated with the job context such as financial rewards, promotion and benefits. They are external to the job and come from outside source. All reward systems are based on the assumptions of attracting, retaining and motivating people. Rewards are of two type Financial and non-financial rewards. Many people view money as the sole motivator but many studies have found that among employees surveyed, other non financial reward also motivate them and influence the level of performance. A recent study of reward practice by CIPDs shows that higher proportion of employers have adopted a total reward approach, in which they try to align the financial and non-financial elements. Non financial rewards indirectly increase workers financial position. It differs from workers to workers. For example an employee may value office furniture and other may find it useless whereas financial rewards can be wages, bonuses, or indirectly paid sick leaves and paid vacation. They are mainly of three types such as profit sharing, job evaluation and merit rating. However, Decenzo and Robbins (2005) classified financial rewards as shown in the diagram above as performance based, implied membership based and explicit membership based. They mentioned that performance based use commissions, piecework pay plans, incentive system, group bonuses, merit or other node of payment for performance whereas membership based rewards include cost of living increases, benefits and salary increases attributable to the labour market conditions, seniority, qualifications, and specialised skill. Membership-based rewards may attract many employees on the whole when the extent of the reward increas es with seniority.   Though, there are drawbacks:   They discourage poor performers from leaving and people from leaving the organization, they indirectly motivate job performance. However, Seniority-based rewards lessen turnover because the cost of leaving raise with the employers duration of service. 2.3 REWARD MANAGEMENT LINKED TO THEORIES OF MOTIVATION Employees motivation depends on the perception of achieving the reward, i.e. their expectations. Motivation theory describes why people at work act in the way they do, and what organisations can do to persuade people to apply their efforts and abilities in ways that will help to achieve the organisations goals as well as satisfying their own needs. Everyone has their own needs and a different set of goals. Employees can motivate themselves in different ways that will guide them to expect that their goals will be achieved whereas management can motivate people through methods like pay, promotion and praise. Motivation is important because there is reward. People work because they get revenue to spend on their individual, family and society needs. Some needs are the basics of life, what individual needs to survive physiologically. Maslow defined the hierarchy of needs with essential physiological needs at the base and going up through safety, social needs and ends in the need for self-fulfillment. However, some critics say that there is little empirical evidence to support this model. Herzberg differentiated between firstly hygiene extrinsic factors such as pay and organisation strategy and measures that will cause dissatisfaction in the workplace if absent or insufficient. Secondly, motivators which are intrinsic factors such as the worth of the work, attainment, appreciation, responsibility and potential for growth which will positively motivate people. Maslows Hierarchy of Needs and Herzbergs Two Factor Theory are a content theory of motivation. They both suggest that needs should be satisfied for the employee to be motivated but, Herzberg argue that only the higher levels of the Maslow Hierarchy (e.g. self-actualisation, esteem needs) act as a motivator. The remaining needs can only cause dissatisfaction if not explained clearly. Thus he stated that satisfaction and dissatisfaction were not necessary related. Taylor developed his theory of scientific management where he made three assumptions in his observation: Man is concerned with maximising money, People are considered as individuals and they can be treated like machines. Taylor had analyzed what motivated people at work which was money. He though workers should be paid for what they worked and pay should be associated to the amount produced Workers who work less would be paid less and Workers who did more than usual would be paid more. The main limitation in Taylors approach is that it overlook that each individual is unique Secondly, money is not an important motivation for everyone. Taylor ignored the fact that people work for reasons other than financial reward. Other theories of motivation have been developed as well which are believed to focus on cognitive or process theories that are how people consider their reward. Expectancy theory distinguishes two factors of value and probability. People value reward according to the level it satisfies their needs of security, community esteem, achievement and autonomy. Armstrong also agrees with the fact that Expectancy is the likelihood that reward depends on effort where there is more effort, the higher the reward but Marchington and Wilkinson (2006, p.325) argue that this is not a fixed and there may be other sets of expectation at different times. For that effort to be useful to the organisation, individuals need to have the correct ability and the right perception of their role. The theory implies that low motivation will be product of jobs where there is little worker control. (Marchington and Wilkinson 2006, p.326) Two other theories of motivation are significant to reflect on. Latham and Locke developed goal theory which describes that both performance and motivation are improved if people have challenging and monitored goals but accepted when there is feedback on performance. On the other hand, Equity Theory which advocates that people are more motivated when they are treated equitably and demotivated if they are treated inequitable while they deserved more than that. 2.4 STRATEGIC REWARDS Reward strategy is a declaration of intent that defines what the organization wants to do in the longer term to develop and implement reward policies, practices and processes that will further the achievement of its business goals and meet the needs of its stakeholders. (Armstrong 2006, p.643) Reward is more than compensation and benefits. Thus, a reward strategy must consider many aspects of the workplace in order to both attract and keep high value employees doing the correct things in the correct way so that they the organisation is successful. Reward policies provide guidelines for the implementation of reward strategies and the design and management of reward process. Basically, every employer must obey four major policies (White Druker 2000): internal alignment, external competitiveness, employee contributions, management of the pay system. Many research and studies on reward strategy has revealed that people are difficult and motivation is a complex process. What is obvious is that while financial reward is essential, for many people other factors are also, and can be more, important. Rewards are designed to promote behaviour that will contribute directly to the achievement of the organisations objective.Reward systems should be in line with the following: HR Strategy Business Strategy Organization Culture The elements of reward management and their interrelationship can be shown in the figure 1.2 Figure 2.2: Rewards management: elements and interrelationships Source: Michael Armstrong, 2006, A Handbook of Human Resources Management Practice, p.630 The elements of a rewards management system are: Job Evaluation Job evaluation is an organized method for defining the relative value or size of jobs within an organisation in order to institute internal relativities. It provides the basis for designing a fair grade and pay structure, grading jobs in the structure, managing job and pay relativities and guiding the success of equal pay for work of equal worth. However, there has been many criticism of job evaluation by some HR practitioners, in the late 1980s and early 1990s A numbers of major charges were made against it in many organisation. Critics argued that it was not only bureaucratic and rigid, but also time-consuming and unsuitable in todays organisations. 2.4.2 Grade and Pay Structure Pay grade is a system indicating rate and shows the rate at which an employee receives basic pay. It is also a means to compare ranks, which may have different names in the different services. Pay grades facilitate the employment method by providing a flat range of salary whereas Pay structure refers to the various levels of pay for jobs or groups of jobs by referring to their point as determined by job evaluation as compare to market rate surveys. it provides scope for pay increment in accordance with competence or contribution. Market Rate Analysis Market rate tell us the actual salary of some jobs. It is determined by the forces of demand and supply of the labour market. If an organisation pays below the market rate then it will probably have trouble in recruiting and retaining suitable staff. To know the market rate an organisation has to do pay surveys. It helps to obtain and keep high quality staff and response to market pressures. There are several ways in which a company can obtain data on market rates such as Local employment agencies, Job centres, Job adverts in national newspapers 2.4.4 Contingent Pay Contingent pay measures what do we value and what we are ready to pay for? It refers pay for individual that is related to performance, competence, contribution or service. Employee Benefits Benefits can be defined as all the indirect financial payments an employee receives for continuing his or her employment with the company. Benefits are generally available to all firms employees and includes such things as time off with pay, health and life insurance, and child care facilities. (Dessler 1997, p503) Today many organisations regard benefits to be an important approach in reward management in order to achieve a competitive advantage in labour markets. Both financial and non-financial benefits play an important function when it comes to attract, keep and motivate employees. As an addition to base pay financial benefits may improve an organisations ability to attract and retain employees, and non-financial benefits allows organisations to meet the specific needs of the employees. Allowances Allowances may be regarded as additional to base pay. Example of it may be meal allowances where some employees in any organsation are given a sum of money for a meal. Performance Management Performance Management refers to a process, which frequently measures work as it occurs. It is a way of obtaining better results by managing performance according to set of planned goals and competency achievements. It motivates people to do the right things by specifying their goal. Non-Financial Rewards It refers to rewards that are not related to pay but rather satisfaction arising from the job itself like recognition, success, responsibility, autonomy, and leadership skill. Total Remuneration Total remuneration refers to all the monetary reward and benefits than an employee received for working in the organisation. Total Rewards A total reward refers to all the rewards that exist like financial aspects of reward of basic pay, any bonuses and additional financial benefits with the non-financial benefits at the personal and organisational level. WorldatWork (2006) introduced a total rewards framework that proposed to advance the concept and help practitioners think and implement in new ways. Today, professionals primarily use the terms total rewards, total compensation or compensation and benefits to describe the joint strategies. There are five elements of total rewards, each of which includes programs, practices, elements and dimensions that together define an organizations strategy to attract, motivate and keep employees. These elements are: Compensation Benefits Work-Life Performance and Recognition Development and Career Opportunities 2.5 INDIVIDUAL REWARD SYSTEM Many sectors of employment use remuneration systems that contain direct relations to individual performance and results. On an individual basis this may be payment by results (PBR) for example bonus, piecework, commission, work-measured schemes and pre-determined motion time systems, measured day work (MDW), appraisal/performance related pay, market-based pay and competency and skills based pay. 2.5.1 Performance Related Pay Performance-related pay (PRP) is a method of remuneration that links pay progression to an assessment of individual performance. Performance pay may be defined as any remuneration practice in which part or all of remuneration is based directly and explicitly on employees assessed work behaviour and/or measured results (Shields 2007, p.348). Performance related pay is generally used where employee performance cannot be appropriately measured in terms of output produced or sales achieved. Like piece-rates and commission, performance related pay is a form of incentive pay. Individual performance is reviewed frequently (usually once per year) against agreed objectives is known as performance appraisal. Then employees are classified into performance groups which determine what the reward will be. The method of reward involves a cash bonus and/or increase in wage rate or salary. However performance related pay is not very understandable in the mind of researchers. Thorpe and Homan (2000) accounts both for research stating that one of the main advantages of performance related pay is that it attract and retain good employee while other research indicates that performance-related pay fails to motivate and that the employees generally regard the performance-related pay system as unfair in practice. Some drawbacks may be rewarding employees individually does very little to encourage teamwork and, such schemes also usually carried out only once a year assessment and payout, which may weaken any incentive effect. If a worker rated less than satisfactory receives no increase at all under an appraisal pay scheme their motivation and morale may be badly affected. Thus, it is important to focus appraisals on the assessment of performance, the identification of training needs and the setting of objectives, not on any dependent pay. 2.5.2 Individual Payment by Results (PBR) The aim of any PBR scheme is to provide a direct relationship between pay and productivity: the more effectively the employee works, the higher their pay. This direct link means that incentives are stronger than in other schemes. However, in recent years traditional bonus, piecework and work-measured schemes have decreased, as many employers have moved to 360-degree feedback, also known as multi-rater feedback that is employee development feedback that comes from all around the employee. Nevertheless, payment by result fails because material shortages or delays can affect production and Individual skills are not rewarded and indeed the most skilled may be put onto more complicated and potentially less rewarding work. 2.5.3 Piecework, Bonus Schemes and Commission Piecework is the easiest method of PBR workers are paid at a particular rate for each piece of output. This means the system is simple to operate and understand, although open to the shortcoming that it is often at the expense of quality. Pieceworkers must be paid at least the national minimum wage. Incentive bonus schemes is where for instance an extra payment is paid when production exceeds the established threshold, or where there is a raise in sales which surpasses given targets. Variable bonuses can also be paid in relation to performances achieved against pre-determined standards so that the higher the performance achieved, the greater the level of bonus produced. However, Armstrong (2006, p.635) mentioned that bonus payment are related to achievement of profit and or to other financial targets. Time rates are used when employees are paid for the quantity of time they spend at work. The common form of time rate is the weekly wage or monthly wage. Generally the time rate is fixed in relation to a standard working week (e.g. 40 hours per week). Time worked above this standard is known as overtime. Overtime is generally paid more than the standard time-rate. It reflects the extra contribution of the employee. The main advantages of time-rate pay are that they are appropriate for organisations that desire to employ workers to present general roles (e.g. financial management, administration, and maintenance) where employee performance is not easy to evaluate. Commission is a payment made to employees based on the value of sales achieved. For example, in sales jobs, the seller may be paid a percentage of the selling price or a flat amount of each unit sold (Werther Davis 1997 p.411). The rate of commission depends on the selling price and the amount of effort required in making the sale. Armstrong (2006, p.638) stated that commission provide a direct financial incentives and attract high performing sales staff. 2.5.4 Measured Day Work Measured day work (MDW) has been developed from both individual PBR and basic wage rate scheme. Salary is constant and does not vary in the short time provided that that the targeted performance is maintained. MDW systems need performance standards to be placed through some framework and undergo modifications as required. It involves full commitment of management, workers and trade unions. The pay structure is regularly formulated by job evaluation and with full employee agreement. MDW is now somewhat unusual. It suits organisations where a high, secure, expected level of performance is required, rather than highest potential individual performance. 2.5.5 Market-Based Pay Market-based pay refers to the salary level available in the market for the same type of work. Factors that help to consider the market rate are: the skills that are necessary are widely accessible, the unemployment level in general versus the employment rate and the jobs requirement for specialised skills. It is usually used in conjunction with other rewarding scheme like performance appraisal, but may be element of a reward strategy integrating several performance elements. 2.5.6 Competency and skills-based pay Competency and skills-based pay schemes are more common nowadays. There a direct relationship between the attainment, development and effective use of skills and competencies and the individuals pay. Competency and skills-based schemes measure what the employee is inputting to the job. Competency based systems have become more popular because many organisations use competencies in staffing and in performance appraisal for non-pay reason, such as training. There is an increasing trend for pay to be associated to the abilities of the individual. Competency based pay is used together with an existing individual performance related pay scheme and will reward them not on the basis of their performance but competencies. Leadership skill or team-working may be examples of competencies. Reward is given for the skills already gained and for the acquirement of new skills that would be helpful in other jobs in the same job band. This can promote multi-skilling and improved flexibility. 2.6 GROUP AND ORGANISATIONAL REWARD SYSTEMS Group pay schemes include those based on the performance of the team, plant or company. Team-based pay gained its importance with the increased interest in teamworking. It reflects the performance of the team. It is not easy to define the team, the goals, and the right reward. Peer group pressure can also be useful in increasing the performance of the whole team. Company based performance pay schemes are based on the whole organisation performance. The most common forms of this system tend to be based on overall profits (profit sharing), gainsharing systems. They are effective where communications and employment relations are good Share incentive plans involve the provision of shares to employees. In the journal of knowledge management, Milkovich and Wigdor, (1991) said: Team-based rewards may potentially result in a loss of motivation because of feelings of inequity due to a perceived free-riding of other team members and the use of an equality principle when allocating rewards rath er than an equity-based principle. (Milne 2007, p.33) 2.6.1 Gainsharing Gainsharing is a pay scheme that links workers pay to the success of organisational goals by rewarding performance above a pre-determined target. This is always led by measures of productivity, performance and quality. Gainsharing aims to develop these indicators by improving communications, staff involvement and promoting teamwork. It should be element of a full long-term strategy to maintain an effective system through involvement and sharing. It may thus be used as a substitute for bonus/piecework schemes, where quality is at times lost to quantity. The whole employees and management who have any association in the product of the organisation should be integrated in any gainshare plan. Marchington and Wilkinson (2006, p. 336) pointed out that such scheme have the merit that employees perceive their contribution to the total effort of the organisation and they do not consider themselves as individual units. They further mentioned that gainsharing plan will affect the role of trade union as their collective bargaining will become less important in determining wages or union will think employees will be more committed to the organiastion. 2.6.2 Profit Sharing Profit Sharing means rewarding employees a percentage of the companys profits. Singh (2006, p 385) defines profit sharing usually involves the determination of organizations profits at the end of the fiscal year and the distribution of a percentage of the profits to workers qualified to share in the earnings. Profit sharing helps employees to form part of oganisation success. However, Beardwell and Holden (1997, p.574) argued that there is little evidence that such schemes have any great consequence on the performance, motivation or attitudes of employees. 2.6.3 Share Ownership Schemes Businesses whose shares are traded on a stock exchange can offer shares to its promising employees. This compensation method can motivate employees to be committed to the business in the long run.There are different schemes available which companies can use to offer shares such as: 2.6.3.1 Share Incentive Schemes Under this scheme employer gives employees shares directly or ask them to buy. This motivates staff to be involved in the performance of the company. The Share Incentive Plan, previously known as the employee share ownership plan. For example, In the UK, a company using an ESOP can give employees shares worth up to  £3,000 each year. 2.6.3.2 Savings Related Share Option Schemes (SAYE) All employees and directors benefit from this scheme All scheme members get the right to buy a number of shares (normally at a lower price than their current price) after three, five or seven years. In this period of time, employee members save an expected amount to pay for the shares. If the shares increase in price, employees have a profit when they buy the shares. No income tax is paid on any gains made on these shares. 2.7 INFLUENCES ON PAY DETERMINATION According to Beardwell and Holden (1997 p.555) the pay system is affected by the following: 2.7.1 Beliefs about the Importance of the Job If a job is considered to be of high value, the salary scale of the job will be higher as compared to other jobs. 2.7.2 Personal Characteristics Individual characteristics like age, experience, education, skill affect the salary of a person. 2.7.3 Labour Market The demand and supply of labour affect pay determination. A business will have to match its pay with that of its competitors before setting its own pay structure. 2.7.4 The Strategies and Policies of the Company Each company has it own remuneration policy and strategy that determine the salary of its employees. 2.7.5 Government Rules and Regulation The government usually intervene for the welfare of employees like we have the equal opportunity Act, employment right Act 2008, and the employment relation Act 2008. Organisations have to consider all these Act before setting a fair compensation program. 2.7.6 Power of Bargaining Group Trade union action may affect the pay level. They can bargain for an increase in salary. 2.7.7 Cost of Living Due to high inflation rate, the cost of living tends to increase. Thus, this may affect the salary of employee.

Company G’s Three Year Marketing Plan Marketing plan Essay

Company G’s develops electronic appliances based on current technology. The marketing plans exemplify the strategies employed and market segment to assign new consumers and create solid financial benefits while retaining the existing customers. G’s Company is a unique electronic appliance developer which gives an advantage over the competitors by exposing he customers to a new outlet of electronic appliances. This fulfills the real need of the competent electronic appliance developer and expands the company’s reach to populations who have no yet subscribed for our products. The company will fund the development of the electronic appliances by provision of consultation services for retailers willing to use products for promotional services. The consultations will come up with advertisement sponsorship for the company. In the initial 3 years of the business, we expect consultation services to form part of our revenue stream. Mission We enable consumers to improve the quality and convenience of their lives by providing innovative electronics solutions.† Product Description The first product of microwaves will come in three different sizes; compact, medium and large capacity microwaves. The new line microwaves will help the power designers and low noise amplifiers to shorten the design cycles as well as becoming consumer friendly with minimal environmental impact and energy saving. Furthermore, the demands of our customers in microwaves are based on quality products and convenience. Besides, the company will employ effective distribution channels intertwined with online purchasing. We hope this will make the company derive its mission home. Convenience products: Compact Microwave This will be a small, portable microwave available for the customers. Compacts are the dominant microwaves in the market today. Ours will measure 18 inches wide and 14 inches long and 12 inches tall. Compact ovens will be rated as 700 watts of power and capacitate 27 liters. The compact ovens will primarily be used for reheating food and preparing microwave popcorn and food. They are not made to cook large meals. Compact products will be price convenient hence the consumers will spend minimal time to compare due to our brand prestige. Shopping Products: Medium Capacity Microwave These microwave products a larger than compact microwaves. They will measure 20 inches wide, with the same length and height to the compact microwaves. They will carry 45 liters and run-up to 1000 watts. They will be the standard family microwaves with added grills and a few features. These microwaves will target those who want to do home cooking, essential, a growing family. The company market analysis reveals that capacity microwaves are less purchased and are bound to stay in the warehouse for a long time. Specialty Products: Large Capacity Microwave They will be the large cooking microwaves for preparing large meals. Their capacity will handle (9 by 13 inch) cooking tall items like roasts and casserole dishes. They will have an auto look with precise temperature control measures. The large capacity ovens will be powered by 2000 watts and contain 60 liters of capacity. With the uniqueness, the buyers are expected to expend ample time balancing the effort of purchase. However, the company brand prestige will enable the consumers to choose our products. Target Markets Direct consumer markets with arrangements of successful licensing of products and services. The company learned that the number of direct consumers have increased in the market. We hope for higher sales in the direct consumer markets with increased demand. The number of families has grown and the demand of the microwave has aloso grown in the market. Therefore, the compact and medium microwaves targets the increased number of families and singles. Nonmanufacturing and nonindustrial segments of the business to business market with customer networks such as hotels, family homes and institutions. The large capacity and medium capacity microwaves have brand prestige and that fits the personality and lifestyle of the customers. With the new line of microwave products, the consumers will make purchases due to the technological advances of the products. Large company and stand-alone retail companies with extensive dealer, broker or distribution network. Company G’s marketing brand will enable other like-minded microwave companies to purchase our products for re-sale. The brand prestige fulfills their needs from the feedback of the consumers. Competition Analysis Risk of Entry by Potential Competitors The market forecasts predict that the products of the company are likely to diffuse in the market faster than imagined. With many people buying the electronic appliances, the market may experience new entrants given the prevailing opportunity. This will increase the capacity of the industry and lead to stiff market competition hence lower the current costs. Given that the existent economic, governmental, cost advantage and brand loyalty barriers, the company is optimistic of controlling the market share even if new companies join the business. Rivalry among Current Competitors The electronic business has attracted many companies which have led for the struggle of the market share between G’s and the competitors. The cut-throat competition in the market leads to low-profit margins as the low-income consumers opt for a cheaper product in the market. Based on the presence of global customers, growth rate of the industry and demand conditions of the product, the company operates optimistically compared to other competitors with undefined establishment factors of brand. Bargaining Power of the Buyers The power of the consumers or distributors to bargain down the prices of the products poses a higher competition for the company. The company has established the target consumers to be high and middle-income earners. This population is usually driven by the quality of the products the company offers as opposed to the high prices charged. The high-income earners do not exhibit a high bargaining power as compared to their lower income earner counterparts. The industry will maintain the prices and try reducing the cost of production to maximize on their profit margins. The high-income and middle-income earners have the required information on our products and will emphasize on the quality of the products. Bargaining Power of Suppliers The suppliers of the company are on alert of increasing their bargaining power. Provided the high-quality of the products, the raw materials also come at a high price. The supplies, therefore, finds it unreasonable to increase their prices due to fixed prices. The only threat is the uniqueness of the products of the suppliers. They have a high cost of switching because of the basic need of their products. Threat of Substitute Products The company identified high-income and middle- income earners as their competent consumers. Provided the high-quality products, it is the pride of the company since customer satisfaction is guaranteed. The substitutes such as the saucepan, stoves and other microwaves such as Flavor microwave are technology unconscious hence the company maintains its prices for greater profits. SWOT Analysis Strengths Value pricing high quality, market orientation and support services and product customization Long-term relationships with primary suppliers High percentage of reorder business Weaknesses little room for expansion lack of employee talent management scarce human resource opportunities Strategic alliances Technological advances Easy distribution Threats Slow diffusion rate of appliance Alteration of traditional channel relationships Competition Strengths Core Competency Strengths The high percentage of reorder business implies customer satisfaction and promising word of mouth advertisement High quality innovative product- brand prestige. Other Strengths The long-term relationships with the primary suppliers have led to the knowledge share of product adherence to quality standards, requirement and a common mission through-out the production and development process. The differentiation strategy as a result of commitment to, value pricing, high quality, market orientation and support services and product customization Weaknesses Human resource management of the company predicaments in the near future. This is because, with the brand prestige, the company is likely to expand, however, there are limited qualified employees such as engineers in the job market. Company G’s current facilities are crowded; there is little room for additional employees or new equipment for expansion of the business. Lack of management of the employee talent that requires the company to create a department for nurturing the talents, this requires additional financial muscles the company may not afford any soon. Opportunities Strategic alliances that enhance the products of the company that will allow production of a myriad of new products, sharing of resources and increase the customer base. Technological advances have freed up time for consumers as well as bringing efficiency in product promotion and all product enquiries The medium and compact microwaves are easily distributed locally, nationally and globally. Business globalization creates an opportunity for new customer relationship establishment in foreign markets. Threats Slow diffusion rate of appliance may affect the sales return of the new products leading to low profits and low growth rate. Reengineering, outsourcing and resizing trends in product development may alter traditional channel relationships with dealers, brokers and distributors of eliminate them completely. Theft of brand piracy and trade secrets through unauthorized copying are difficult to control leading to unsecured branding. Competition from traditional microwave producers and other promotional items is strong. This poses a challenge to meeting the cost demands of production. Marketing Objectives Product Objective To commit to service and quality products to effectively implement the niche differentiation strategy in the diverse marketplace. The objective is a distinct and realistic to the company mission that will assist company G’s satisfy the customers. To improve the standard of the products the company offers now by incorporating the knowledge of the needs of customers and specific opportunities for offering the new products. To create new products that will use its new technology, equipment and knowledge base. Price Objective To verify the price of the new products and services to the customers. The objective is a distinct and realistic to the company mission that will assist company G’s satisfy the customers. To check the pricing of the competitors manufacturing microwaves To use the pricing of the competitor’s research to meet price marketing objectives Place Objective To define the most secured place of the new products To make a new product easily available to the consumers within 24 hours of manufacture using elaborate distribution channels for easy access by the customers hence focusing on the mission. To evaluate the degree of customer interaction with the new products Promotion Objective To conduct simple research and analyze substitute products with the aim of developing specialty advertising products that are technologically conscious, but not just calendar related. To better understand the satisfaction and needs of current customers through benchmarking on marketing research and company G’s marketing information system. The company will create a website page immediately where customers will post their feedback on the products. To use the product calendar as a promotional tool that will provide a microwave to the customers as advertisement premium. Marketing Strategy The marketing strategy of G’s company is focused on satisfaction of the prospect market and current consumers by providing the best microwave appliances in the market. The target market share based on projected demand and supply is also of our interest. With over 10 years of experience in the market, the workforce will provide the support needed by the customers to enable us meet our objectives. The knowledge and expertise from the employees from marketing and sales will provide the company with feedback for harmonizing the strategies based on the marketing objectives the company adopted. Distinct strategies Company G’s high quality products specialty product advertisement is customized to the needs of the consumers. The service and product value is reflected in the company’s premium price. The company will be sensitive to the elasticity of price of the products and overall demands of customers. G’s company will be sensitive to account for the place of new product distribution, product availability and the level of the consumer interaction with the microwaves. The company already had a brand that was well known by the customers. The brand prestige that focuses on the middle and high-income earners will be improved by producing the new satisfactory products. Product Strategy G’s company is committed to supplying affordable and quality wise products to the customers. Company G’s intangible attributes is its ability to meet or exceed the consistency of customers’ expectations, its anticipation of new customer needs and its responding speed to the demands of customers. Such intangible attributes are difficult for the competitors to copy, hence giving the company a competitive advantage. Boosting the consumer confidence. Some consumers are often hesitant to buy the product they have little knowledge about. The marketing campaign will emphasis on the quality and value of the products which will result to additional cash register Price Strategy Company G’s high quality products specialty product advertisement is customized to the needs of the consumers. The service and product value is reflected in the company’s premium price. The company will be sensitive to the elasticity of price of the products and overall demands of customers. The company’s new products have a prestige of high quality. The prices offered will account for warranties, endorsements and testimonials that will make the buying decision easier for the customer. The company will employ the trial and error method to fix the market prices, but remain flexible. The results of the new pricing initiative will be closely monitored to enable us expand the customer base. Place Strategy G’s company will be sensitive to account for the place of new product distribution, product availability and the level of the consumer interaction with the microwaves. The company intends to be flexible on the supplies, distribution and customer interactions. Such practices will promote planning and meet the deadlines of product sales. The company already had a brand that was well known by the customers. The brand prestige that focuses on the middle and high-income earners will be improved by producing the new satisfactory products. Promotion Strategy Approximately 80 percent of the company reorders every year, so the bulk of promotional expenditures will focus on new product offerings through publications, journals and direct-email advertising. The remaining promotional resources will be directed to personal selling of new products. This will enable the company cut on the costs and reduce wastage of financial and human resources. The company will conduct a campaign aimed at promoting a new product. To achieve this, the company will create logos and names of products while remaining within the advertising budget. Tactics and Action Plan G’s company and the new products require extensive customization to not only meet but exceed the needs of the customers. It is, therefore, necessary to reorganize the customer groups and market function. The new marketing strategies intend permit the company to invest their effort on marketing exclusively on specifications and the needs of the customer segments. Product action plan Tactic Due Date Responsible Party Develop marketing information system to monitor customer satisfaction by year two November 15th , 2014 Business Analysis Team Implement any changes implemented by the business analysis team November 15th , 2014 Business Analysis Team Develop new product offering with their potential customers November 15th , 2014 Production Manager Price action plan Tactic Due Date Responsible Party Create three sales manager positions November 1, 2014 President Develop marketing information system to monitor price feedback January 15, 2015 Marketing Director Evaluate the profitability of the new product February 15, 2015 Business Analysis Team Place Action Plan tactic Due Date Responsible Party Distribute free samples or discounted microwaves to orphanage institutions November 15th ,2014 Sales Manager Increase direct sales through sales representatives September 1, 2014 Sales Manager Increase sales of the products to individuals and re-sellers September 1, 2014 Sales Manager Promotion action plan Tactic Due Date Responsible Party Assign 3 research team on potential new products offering and client October 1, 2014 Marketing Director Analyze the current billing practices and cycles September 1, 2014 Marketing Director Design customer survey project September 1, 2014 Business Analysis Team Monitoring Procedures To evaluate the marketing plan effectiveness, the company will compare its actual performance with the objectives of the plans. The procedures include, however, not limited to the following; Monitoring Activity Due Date Responsible Party The use of project management concept procedure to evaluate marketing plan implementation through establishment of human resource needs, time, and budgetary expenditures November 15th, 2014 – December 15th, 20114 yearly Business Analysis Team Each project team will be responsible for determining the changes to be made in product focus from the result of studies from its area. The company will conduct internal audit to evaluate the activities. September 1, 2014 – October 15th, 20114 every year President A perceptual comparison of planned and actual activities will be conducted monthly through self assessment by the company business analysis team. Monthly Business Analysis Team Reference Luther, W. M. (2001). The marketing plan: How to prepare and implement it. New York: AMACOM. Source document